Process Hazard Analysis: HAZOP and LOPA Concepts
Understand how structured process-hazard studies identify deviations, causes, consequences, safeguards and risk-reduction needs in LNG facilities.
System context
Process safety analysis
Technical topic pages show the knowledge scope behind LNG University learning. Course, assessment and credential availability depends on the applicable program.
Relevant roles
Process engineers · Process-safety professionals · Operations representatives · Project engineers
Prerequisites
PFDs · P&IDs · Process-safety fundamentals
Knowledge level
Advanced technical coverage with system and operational context.
Learning outcomes
What this topic is intended to help you understand
- Describe the purpose of HAZOP guidewords and node-based review.
- Explain the distinction between consequence, safeguard and recommendation.
- Recognize the role of independent protection layers in LOPA.
Technical scope
Equipment, concepts and terminology
- Nodes
- Guidewords
- Deviations
- Causes
- Consequences
- Existing safeguards
- Recommendations
- Independent protection layers
- Risk criteria
Operating context
How the topic connects to plant operation
- Participating in multidisciplinary reviews
- Using operating experience as input
- Tracking recommendations through management systems
Safeguards and controls
Protection and risk-control context
- Documented assumptions
- Independent review
- Management of change
- Action closure
Technical learning does not replace site procedures, OEM documentation, engineering calculations, permits, supervision or facility-specific authorization.
Engineering documents
Documents commonly connected to this subject
- HAZOP report
- LOPA worksheet
- P&ID
- Cause & effect chart
- MOC record